![]() ![]() ![]() But readers will see that modern secular ideologues-notably Fascists and Communists-have attacked free speech as brutally as religious inquisitors. ![]() The text shows how religious censors eventually retreated, in part because Spinoza, Paine, Carlile, Mill, and others cogently argued that intellectual progress depended on free expression. ![]() After probing the reasons Socrates died as the first martyr for free speech, he assesses the Christian challenge to Rome, discussing the emergence of religion as the issue that long tested limits of free expression in the West, causing much bloodshed during wars fought between religionists intent on making all voices echo their own orthodoxy. Bury challenged the belief that freedom of speech is “a natural right,” arguing that “this right has been acquired only in recent times, and the way to its attainment has lain through lakes of blood.” Mchangama chronicles the turbulent history of this right from ancient to modern times. ![]()
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